| Summary: | Raw ingredients, apparently routine topic and a risk for a recycling of data, are in realitybecoming more and more important. It brings many additional constraints to the formulator.Just because consumers protection against dioxine, BSE, immunostimulants, or projectionto 2010 concerning fishmeal utilization in aquaculture, will lead to eliminate some productsor to replace others. Meat and bone meal, fishmeal and fish oil are particularly concerned.So aside from conventional protein sources, many ingredients especially from plant originare tested and it opens up a new era for nutritional research. A short review of commoningredients for shrimp and fish brings new recommendations, evidences old papers, triggersthe feed manufacturer, makes appear new set of additives (amino acids, attractants,concentrates, pigments,…) to face challenges of fast growing fish and shrimp in differentculture systems. Biosecurity measures add up some considerations on the pertinence ofrecycling aquaculture by-products. Then from a routine topic, it comes up a fascinating one,which combines contribution from farmers, from manufacturers, scientists, and in particularnutritionists, all tended to make the best combination at a minimum price. Outlines of thepaper were set to sum up 5 years research on sea bass culture (Aquacop, 1989-94) and drawa comparative approach (sea bass, snook, red drum) from an ADC point of view,optimum P/E at different stage of development : larvae, weaning, fingerlings at nursery,juveniles and grow-out making emphasis on animal vs plant protein : soybean meal withnutritional aspects and appetibility, fishmeal and fish oil criteria to end up with breedersrequirement and feeding.
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