| Sumario: | Annual mortality rates due to infectious diarrhea
are about 2.2 million; children are the most vulnerable
age group to severe gastroenteritis, representing
group A rotaviruses as the main cause of disease. One of
the main factors of rotavirus pathogenesis is the NSP4
protein, which has been characterized as a viral toxin
involved in triggering several cellular responses leading
to diarrhea. Furthermore, the rotavirus protein NSP1 has
been associated with interferon production inhibition by
inducing the degradation of interferon regulatory factors
IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7. On the other hand, probiotics such
as Bifdobacterium and Lactobacillus species in combination with prebiotics such as inulin, HMO, scGOS, lcFOS have been associated with improved generalized antiviral response and anti-rotavirus effect by the reduction of rotavirus infectivity and viral shedding, decreased expression of NSP4 and increased levels of specifc anti-rotavirus IgAs. Moreover, these probiotics and prebiotics have been related to shorter duration and severity of rotavirus diarrhea, to the prevention of infection and reduced incidence of reinfections. In this review we will discuss in detail about the rotavirus pathogenesis and immunity, and how probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifdobacterium species in combination with prebiotics have been associated with the prevention or modulation of rotavirus severe gastroenteritis.
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