Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review.
Vitamin K (VK) is a fat soluble vitamin required in fish diets for normal growth and development since they are not able to synthesize it de novo. VK can be naturally found as phylloquinone (VK1; vegetable origin) or menaquinone (VK2; microbial or animal origin); and synthetically produced as menadi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas
2015
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| Online Access: | https://nutricionacuicola.uanl.mx/index.php/acu/article/view/52 |
| _version_ | 1824324450202419200 |
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| author | Fernández, Ignacio Gavaia, Paulo |
| author_facet | Fernández, Ignacio Gavaia, Paulo |
| author_sort | Fernández, Ignacio |
| collection | Artículos de Revistas UANL |
| description | Vitamin K (VK) is a fat soluble vitamin required in fish diets for normal growth and development since they are not able to synthesize it de novo. VK can be naturally found as phylloquinone (VK1; vegetable origin) or menaquinone (VK2; microbial or animal origin); and synthetically produced as menadione (VK3). Two major roles of VK metabolites have been described up-to-date. As a co-factor of the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase which performs the conversion of Glu into Gla residues in VK-dependent proteins (VKDPs), through which VK is controlling blood clotting, representing the most widely recognized function of VK. VK also participates in transcriptional regulation, acting as ligand for the steroid xenobiotic receptor or pregnane X receptor (PXR), which is mostly known as a master regulator of xenobiotic metabolism. However, little is known about its metabolism and its specific requirements along fish development. Here, we will briefly review what is known, and identify what still remains to be unveiled about VK and fish physiology. In this sense, new findings regarding VK requirements on early fish development, metabolism and VK cycle regulation under different nutritional conditions will be enumerated. Finally, future perspectives on knowledge gaps, strategies and approaches to be applied will be discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2025-02-05T19:06:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | nutrucionacuicola-article-52 |
| institution | UANL |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-05T19:06:24Z |
| physical | Avances en Nutrición Acuicola; 2015: Nutrición Acuícola: Investigación y desarrollo 2015 |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | nutrucionacuicola-article-522019-09-30T17:21:57Z Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review. Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review. Fernández, Ignacio Gavaia, Paulo vitamin K gamma-carboxylation PXR metabolism proteomics transcriptomics. vitamin K gamma-carboxylation PXR metabolism proteomics transcriptomics Vitamin K (VK) is a fat soluble vitamin required in fish diets for normal growth and development since they are not able to synthesize it de novo. VK can be naturally found as phylloquinone (VK1; vegetable origin) or menaquinone (VK2; microbial or animal origin); and synthetically produced as menadione (VK3). Two major roles of VK metabolites have been described up-to-date. As a co-factor of the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase which performs the conversion of Glu into Gla residues in VK-dependent proteins (VKDPs), through which VK is controlling blood clotting, representing the most widely recognized function of VK. VK also participates in transcriptional regulation, acting as ligand for the steroid xenobiotic receptor or pregnane X receptor (PXR), which is mostly known as a master regulator of xenobiotic metabolism. However, little is known about its metabolism and its specific requirements along fish development. Here, we will briefly review what is known, and identify what still remains to be unveiled about VK and fish physiology. In this sense, new findings regarding VK requirements on early fish development, metabolism and VK cycle regulation under different nutritional conditions will be enumerated. Finally, future perspectives on knowledge gaps, strategies and approaches to be applied will be discussed. Vitamin K (VK) is a fat soluble vitamin required in fish diets for normal growth and development since they are not able to synthesize it de novo. VK can be naturally found as phylloquinone (VK1; vegetable origin) or menaquinone (VK2; microbial or animal origin); and synthetically produced as menadione (VK3). Two major roles of VK metabolites have been described up-to-date. As a co-factor of the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase which performs the conversion of Glu into Gla residues in VK-dependent proteins (VKDPs), through which VK is controlling blood clotting, representing the most widely recognized function of VK. VK also participates in transcriptional regulation, acting as ligand for the steroid xenobiotic receptor or pregnane X receptor (PXR), which is mostly known as a master regulator of xenobiotic metabolism. However, little is known about its metabolism and its specific requirements along fish development. Here, we will briefly review what is known, and identify what still remains to be unveiled about VK and fish physiology. In this sense, new findings regarding VK requirements on early fish development, metabolism and VK cycle regulation under different nutritional conditions will be enumerated. Finally, future perspectives on knowledge gaps, strategies and approaches to be applied will be discussed. Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas 2015-11-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo revisado por pares application/pdf https://nutricionacuicola.uanl.mx/index.php/acu/article/view/52 Avances en Nutrición Acuicola; 2015: Nutrición Acuícola: Investigación y desarrollo 2015 eng https://nutricionacuicola.uanl.mx/index.php/acu/article/view/52/52 Derechos de autor 2019 Ignacio Fernández, Paulo Gavaia |
| spellingShingle | vitamin K gamma-carboxylation PXR metabolism proteomics transcriptomics. vitamin K gamma-carboxylation PXR metabolism proteomics transcriptomics Fernández, Ignacio Gavaia, Paulo Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review. |
| thumbnail | https://rediab.uanl.mx/themes/sandal5/images/article.gif |
| title | Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review. |
| title_alt | Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review. |
| title_full | Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review. |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review. |
| title_short | Vitamin K, Much More than Blood Clotting: Roles, Metabolism and Specific Requirements. A Mini-Review. |
| title_sort | vitamin k much more than blood clotting roles metabolism and specific requirements a mini review |
| topic | vitamin K gamma-carboxylation PXR metabolism proteomics transcriptomics. vitamin K gamma-carboxylation PXR metabolism proteomics transcriptomics |
| topic_facet | vitamin K gamma-carboxylation PXR metabolism proteomics transcriptomics. vitamin K gamma-carboxylation PXR metabolism proteomics transcriptomics |
| url | https://nutricionacuicola.uanl.mx/index.php/acu/article/view/52 |
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