Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets

This paper describes the strategy utilized for the domestication of the alligator gar(Atractosteus spatula), highlighting different aspects of larval development and theweaning of larvae onto artificial diets. Developmental stages based on nutritionalcharacteristics were established. Lecithotrophic...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mendoza, Roberto, Aguilera, Carlos, Montemayor, Jesús, Revol, Agnes, Holt, Joan
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:inglés
Publicado: Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://nutricionacuicola.uanl.mx/index.php/acu/article/view/238
_version_ 1824324528901193728
author Mendoza, Roberto
Aguilera, Carlos
Montemayor, Jesús
Revol, Agnes
Holt, Joan
author_facet Mendoza, Roberto
Aguilera, Carlos
Montemayor, Jesús
Revol, Agnes
Holt, Joan
author_sort Mendoza, Roberto
collection Artículos de Revistas UANL
description This paper describes the strategy utilized for the domestication of the alligator gar(Atractosteus spatula), highlighting different aspects of larval development and theweaning of larvae onto artificial diets. Developmental stages based on nutritionalcharacteristics were established. Lecithotrophic stage was observed between 1–4 days afterhatching (DAH) larvae, lecithoexotrophic stage between 5–8 DAH larvae and theexotrophic stage initiates in 9 DAH larvae. The degree of development for alligator garlarvae could be differentiated by snout length. In addition, pigmentation could be easilyused to separate individuals in poor condition. Growth rate of alligator gar larvae was 1.55mm/day during the first 10 DAH and 5.6 mm/day thereafter until 15 DAH. RIA analysesshowed that T3 levels are low during embryonic development, but increase after hatching,until 10 DAH, decreasing thereafter. The effect of thyroidian hormones and goitrogens onlarval development was evaluated. Snout length was significantly reduced in larvae treatedwith thiourea without affecting growth, whereas in larvae treated with T3 snoutdevelopment was accelerated. Histological assessment of the development of the digestivetract revealed that at the onset of exogenous feeding (5DAH) the digestive tract wascompletely developed. Measurement of mid-gut cell height was valuable tool for evaluatingthe suitability of diets. Additionally, the ontogeny of digestive enzymes was characterized.Pepsin-like acid proteolytic activity was detected from the beginning of exogenous feeding(5 DAH). Trypsin, chymiotrypsin and aminopeptidase-like alkaline proteolytic activitygradually increased between 2-9 DAH. Substrate-gel electrophoresis was utilized toconfirm and further characterize digestive enzyme activity. Growth hormone codingsequence was obtained by RT-PCR and its expression was detected in embryos and inseveral larval stages, revealing an important role during embryogenesis and organogenesis.RNA/DNA ratios were determined and proven to be a useful indicator of larval nutritionalcondition. In fed larvae RNA/DNA ratio rose until the 13 DAH, while in starved larvae theratio RNA/DNA was low and remained constant. Three feeding experiments were carriedout and some important characteristics of artificial diets were identified, namely floatabilityand size. The results of the feeding trials made it possible to culture larvae and juvenilesusing exclusively artificial diets.
first_indexed 2025-02-05T19:11:49Z
format Article
id nutrucionacuicola-article-238
institution UANL
language eng
last_indexed 2025-02-05T19:11:49Z
physical Avances en Nutrición Acuicola; 2002: Memorias del Sexto Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola
publishDate 2019
publisher Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas
record_format ojs
spelling nutrucionacuicola-article-2382019-11-11T22:20:38Z Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets Mendoza, Roberto Aguilera, Carlos Montemayor, Jesús Revol, Agnes Holt, Joan alligator gar larval development morphology physiology enzymes hormones nutrition This paper describes the strategy utilized for the domestication of the alligator gar(Atractosteus spatula), highlighting different aspects of larval development and theweaning of larvae onto artificial diets. Developmental stages based on nutritionalcharacteristics were established. Lecithotrophic stage was observed between 1–4 days afterhatching (DAH) larvae, lecithoexotrophic stage between 5–8 DAH larvae and theexotrophic stage initiates in 9 DAH larvae. The degree of development for alligator garlarvae could be differentiated by snout length. In addition, pigmentation could be easilyused to separate individuals in poor condition. Growth rate of alligator gar larvae was 1.55mm/day during the first 10 DAH and 5.6 mm/day thereafter until 15 DAH. RIA analysesshowed that T3 levels are low during embryonic development, but increase after hatching,until 10 DAH, decreasing thereafter. The effect of thyroidian hormones and goitrogens onlarval development was evaluated. Snout length was significantly reduced in larvae treatedwith thiourea without affecting growth, whereas in larvae treated with T3 snoutdevelopment was accelerated. Histological assessment of the development of the digestivetract revealed that at the onset of exogenous feeding (5DAH) the digestive tract wascompletely developed. Measurement of mid-gut cell height was valuable tool for evaluatingthe suitability of diets. Additionally, the ontogeny of digestive enzymes was characterized.Pepsin-like acid proteolytic activity was detected from the beginning of exogenous feeding(5 DAH). Trypsin, chymiotrypsin and aminopeptidase-like alkaline proteolytic activitygradually increased between 2-9 DAH. Substrate-gel electrophoresis was utilized toconfirm and further characterize digestive enzyme activity. Growth hormone codingsequence was obtained by RT-PCR and its expression was detected in embryos and inseveral larval stages, revealing an important role during embryogenesis and organogenesis.RNA/DNA ratios were determined and proven to be a useful indicator of larval nutritionalcondition. In fed larvae RNA/DNA ratio rose until the 13 DAH, while in starved larvae theratio RNA/DNA was low and remained constant. Three feeding experiments were carriedout and some important characteristics of artificial diets were identified, namely floatabilityand size. The results of the feeding trials made it possible to culture larvae and juvenilesusing exclusively artificial diets. This paper describes the strategy utilized for the domestication of the alligator gar(Atractosteus spatula), highlighting different aspects of larval development and theweaning of larvae onto artificial diets. Developmental stages based on nutritionalcharacteristics were established. Lecithotrophic stage was observed between 1–4 days afterhatching (DAH) larvae, lecithoexotrophic stage between 5–8 DAH larvae and theexotrophic stage initiates in 9 DAH larvae. The degree of development for alligator garlarvae could be differentiated by snout length. In addition, pigmentation could be easilyused to separate individuals in poor condition. Growth rate of alligator gar larvae was 1.55mm/day during the first 10 DAH and 5.6 mm/day thereafter until 15 DAH. RIA analysesshowed that T3 levels are low during embryonic development, but increase after hatching,until 10 DAH, decreasing thereafter. The effect of thyroidian hormones and goitrogens onlarval development was evaluated. Snout length was significantly reduced in larvae treatedwith thiourea without affecting growth, whereas in larvae treated with T3 snoutdevelopment was accelerated. Histological assessment of the development of the digestivetract revealed that at the onset of exogenous feeding (5DAH) the digestive tract wascompletely developed. Measurement of mid-gut cell height was valuable tool for evaluatingthe suitability of diets. Additionally, the ontogeny of digestive enzymes was characterized.Pepsin-like acid proteolytic activity was detected from the beginning of exogenous feeding(5 DAH). Trypsin, chymiotrypsin and aminopeptidase-like alkaline proteolytic activitygradually increased between 2-9 DAH. Substrate-gel electrophoresis was utilized toconfirm and further characterize digestive enzyme activity. Growth hormone codingsequence was obtained by RT-PCR and its expression was detected in embryos and inseveral larval stages, revealing an important role during embryogenesis and organogenesis.RNA/DNA ratios were determined and proven to be a useful indicator of larval nutritionalcondition. In fed larvae RNA/DNA ratio rose until the 13 DAH, while in starved larvae theratio RNA/DNA was low and remained constant. Three feeding experiments were carriedout and some important characteristics of artificial diets were identified, namely floatabilityand size. The results of the feeding trials made it possible to culture larvae and juvenilesusing exclusively artificial diets. Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas 2019-11-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo revisado por pares application/pdf https://nutricionacuicola.uanl.mx/index.php/acu/article/view/238 Avances en Nutrición Acuicola; 2002: Memorias del Sexto Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola eng https://nutricionacuicola.uanl.mx/index.php/acu/article/view/238/236 Derechos de autor 2019 Roberto Mendoza, Carlos Aguilera, Jesús Montemayor, Agnes Revol, Joan Holt
spellingShingle alligator gar
larval development
morphology
physiology
enzymes
hormones
nutrition
Mendoza, Roberto
Aguilera, Carlos
Montemayor, Jesús
Revol, Agnes
Holt, Joan
Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets
thumbnail https://rediab.uanl.mx/themes/sandal5/images/article.gif
title Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets
title_alt Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets
title_full Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets
title_fullStr Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets
title_full_unstemmed Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets
title_short Studies on the Physiology of Atractosteus Spatula Larval Development and Its Applications to Early Weaning Onto Artificial Diets
title_sort studies on the physiology of atractosteus spatula larval development and its applications to early weaning onto artificial diets
topic alligator gar
larval development
morphology
physiology
enzymes
hormones
nutrition
topic_facet alligator gar
larval development
morphology
physiology
enzymes
hormones
nutrition
url https://nutricionacuicola.uanl.mx/index.php/acu/article/view/238
work_keys_str_mv AT mendozaroberto studiesonthephysiologyofatractosteusspatulalarvaldevelopmentanditsapplicationstoearlyweaningontoartificialdiets
AT aguileracarlos studiesonthephysiologyofatractosteusspatulalarvaldevelopmentanditsapplicationstoearlyweaningontoartificialdiets
AT montemayorjesus studiesonthephysiologyofatractosteusspatulalarvaldevelopmentanditsapplicationstoearlyweaningontoartificialdiets
AT revolagnes studiesonthephysiologyofatractosteusspatulalarvaldevelopmentanditsapplicationstoearlyweaningontoartificialdiets
AT holtjoan studiesonthephysiologyofatractosteusspatulalarvaldevelopmentanditsapplicationstoearlyweaningontoartificialdiets