| Summary: | The optimization of industrial production would only be possible with the discovery, identification andcharacterization of biological processes in which a nutrient or any other factor acts, as well as when theirgenes and genetic networks revealed. With the advent of Next Generation-Sequencing technologies, thediscovery of non-coding RNAs having a key role on the control of a diverse set of biological functions inmulticellular organism will allow a deeper knowledge on genes and genetic networks control such processesin farmed fish species. Here, the basics of non-coding RNAs regarding their features, biogenesis and mode ofaction will be briefly reviewed, while the research works specifically conducted until now on theidentification of non-coding RNAs in different farmed fish species, developmental stages and tissues usinghigh throughput technologies will be described and compared. Several non-coding RNAs have beenassociated with early developmental events, immune response to pathogen infections, sexual differentiationand maturation, and nutrition. While the research on miRNAs is the most abundant, new efforts on thecharacterization of long non-coding RNAs and PIWI-interacting RNAs profiles provided new insights on howthese non-coding RNAs are also involved in fish nutrition. Finally, the future perspectives and considerationson the potential use of non-coding RNAs (mainly those found in circulation) in relevant cultured fish speciesas new reliable biomarkers of physiological condition will be pointed out.
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