Relación de variabilidad de frecuencia cardiaca con carga interna y externa en entrenamiento de hockey. Análisis de respuestas autónomas agudas post ejercicio. - González Fimbres, Roberto Andrés (2018)
Objetivo: Analizar la relación de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) post ejercicio con la carga externa (CE) e interna (CI) en entrenamiento intermitente de un equipo juvenil selección estatal de hockey sobre pasto. Métodos: Durante 12 semanas, 11 jugadores de un equipo juvenil varonil (14.41 ± 0.51años) de hockey sobre pasto fueron evaluados en su CE utilizando acelerómetros triaxiales (Actigraph) y posteriormente se contrastó con la CI, calculada utilizando monitores (Polar Team2) de frecuencia cardiaca (FC) por medio de cuatro diferentes métodos de TRIMP: Banister (bTRIMP), Edwards (eTRIMP), Individualizado (iTRIMP) y Modificado (mTRIMP). También se analizó la VFC post ejercicio utilizando monitores de FC (Polar H7). Consecuentemente la CI y sus componentes se contrastaron con valores de VFC post ejercicio a los 5 minutos (Post5) y 10 minutos (Post10) relativos a los valores previos al ejercicio. Resultados: Se encontró relación entre valores de FC en lat/min y CE (r = .699, R2 = 0.489, p < .01). Se observaron altos coeficientes de correlación entre los cuatro métodos de TRIMP (r = .808 - .984, p < .01). Sin embargo, no hubo concordancia entre los valores de CI arrojados por los cuatro métodos (p < .01). La CE tuvo correlación con los métodos de bTRIMP (r = .509, R2 = .259, p < .01), mTRIMP (r = .516, R2 = .267, p < .01), eTRIMP (r = .336, R2 = .113, p < .01) e iTRIMP (r = 224, R2 = .050, p < .01). Se encontró correlación entre la reducción de la VFC en Post5 y la intensidad del entrenamiento (RMSSD r = -.399, p < .01; SS r = .363, p < .01; S/PS r = .395, p < .01) y con los minutos transcurridos por debajo del primer umbral de lactato (UL) (RMSSD r = .241, p < .01; SS r = -.221, p < .01; S/PS r = -.178, p < .01) y por encima del segundo UL (RMSSD r = -.192, p < .01; SS r = .177, p < .01; S/PS r = .242, p < .01), así como con los valores de bTRIMP (RMSSD r = -.348, p < .01; SS r = .344, p < .01; S/PS r = .444, p < .01), eTRIMP (RMSSD r = -.372, p < .01; SS r = .359, p < .01; S/PS r = .434, p < .01), iTRIMP (RMSSD r = -.332, p < .01; SS r = .328, p < .01; S/PS r = .377, p < .01) y mTRIMP (RMSSD r = -.350, p < .01; SS r = .336, p < .01; S/PS r = .429, p < .01). No se encontró relación entre los parámetros de carga de entrenamiento y la recuperación de la VFC. Conclusiones: Los métodos de TRIMP son adecuados para evaluar CI en deportes intermitentes. El TRIMP individualizado representa mejor las respuestas individuales a la CE. La reducción de la VFC inmediata post ejercico puede ser un indicador complementario en la evaluación de la CI. ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the relationship between Post exercise heart rate variability (HRV) and internal (ITL) and external training load (ETL) at intermittent training of a youth field hockey state team. Methods: During a 12 week period, 11 youth players (14.41 ± 0.51 years) from a male field hockey team were evaluated in regard of their ETL using triaxial accelerometers (Actigraph) and data was later contrasted with ITL, which was measured using HR monitors (Polar Team2) by four different TRIMP methods: Banister´s (bTRIMP), Edwards´s (eTRIMP), individualized (iTRIMP) and modified (mTRIMP). HRV was also analyzed using heart rate (HR) monitors (Polar H7). Consequently, ITL and its components were compared with post-exercise HRV at minutes five (Post5) and ten (Post10) in relation with pre exercise values. Results: Relationship was found between HR (beat/min) and ETL by accelerometry (r = .699, R 2 = 0.489, p < .01). High correlation coefficient between four TRIMP methods was observed (r = .808-.984, p < .01). Nevertheless, no agreement was found between ITL values from the four methods (p < .01). ETL was related to the four TRIMP methods: bTRIMP (r = .509, R2 = .259, p < .01), mTRIMP (r = .516, R2 = .267, p < .01), eTRIMP (r = .336, R2 = .113, p < .01) and iTRIMP (r = 224, R2 = .050, p < .01). Correlation was found between Post5 HRV reduction and training intensity (RMSSD r = -.399, p < .01; SS r = .363, p < .01; S/PS r = .395, p < .01) minutes below first lactate threshold (LT) (RMSSD r = .241, p < .01; SS r = -.221, p < .01; S/PS r = -.178, p < .01) and above second LT (RMSSD r = -.192, p < .01; SS r = .177, p < .01; S/PS r = .242, p < .01), as well as TRIMP values, bTRIMP (RMSSD r = -.348, p < .01; SS r = .344, p < .01; S/PS r = ..444, p < .01), eTRIMP (RMSSD r = -.372, p < .01; SS r = .359, p < .01; S/PS r = .434, p < .01), iTRIMP (RMSSD r = -.332, p < .01; SS r = .328, p < .01; S/PS r = .377, p < .01) and mTRIMP (RMSSD r = -.350, p < .01; SS r = .336, p < .01; S/PS r = .429, p < .01). No relationship was found between TL parameters and HRV recovery. Conclusions: TRIMP methods are adequate for ITL assessment at intermittent sports. Individualized TRIMP is a better representstive of individual responses to ETL. Immediate post-exercise HRV reduction can be a complementary parameter for ITL assessment.