| Summary: | In Latin American cities, violence against women (VAW) remains critical for public health,
well-being, and safety. This phenomenon is influenced by social, political, and environmen-
tal drivers. VAW is not randomly distributed; built environments—geography, ambient
population, and street networks—influence criminal through spatial dependence across
multiple scales. Despite growing interest in the spatial distribution of crime, few studies
have explicitly explored the spatiotemporal dimensions of VAW in Monterrey. This study
explores spatio-temporal patterns of VAW in Monterrey, Mexico, based on the analysis of
27,036 georeferenced and verified emergency reports from the 911 system (2019–2022). The
study applies kernel density estimation (KDE), the Getis–Ord Gi* statistics, the Local Moran
I index, and space–time cube analysis to identify spatial and temporal clusters of VAW. The
results show concentrations of incidents during nighttime and weekends, particularly in
northern and eastern sectors in Monterrey. The analysis reveals clusters in areas of high
socioeconomic vulnerability. VAW in Monterrey follows predictable and cyclical patterns.
These insights contribute to the design of tailored public policies and actions to improve
women’s health, well-being, and safety in critical zones and timeframes. The findings
also enhance international understanding of gender-based spatial violence patterns in the
rapidly urbanizing contexts of the Global South.
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